This report describes serious violations to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) conditions in three Sahelian countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, and Chad. These countries suffer some of the world’s highest death rates from nonstate actor violence, which often affects religious communities in ways that restrict FoRB. Insurgent groups that invoke religion to justify violence – such as the Islamic State in the Sahel Province (ISSP), Jama’at Ahl al-Sunna lid-Dawah wa’al-Jihad (JAS-Boko Haram) and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)—continue to perpetrate serious violations against virtually all religious communities in the region, and in recent years they have significantly increased their destructive activity. Additionally, governments have sometimes responded to insurgent group activity by targeting innocent Muslim communities with indiscriminate arrests and violence by security forces.